脾脏ARFI弹性联合血小板计数预测乙肝肝硬化食管静脉曲张的价值

目的 本研究应用声辐射力脉冲成像(Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse ARFI)技术对慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者进行脾脏弹性检测和分析,探讨和对比脾脏ARFI弹性及脾脏ARFI弹性联合血小板计数(Platelet Count PC)在预测乙肝肝硬化食道静脉曲张的临床应用价值。方法 对232例慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者应用ARFI技术检测脾脏实时超声弹性,并测量PC,所有患者均于检测前后一周内行胃镜检查明确食管静脉曲张情况,以胃镜结果为金标准,应用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线比较脾脏ARFI弹性、PC、及脾ARFI弹性联合PC诊断肝硬化食管静脉曲张的临床价值。结果 食道静脉曲张组脾脏ARFI弹性和PC分别为3.52(3.16-3.87)m/s 和62(41-88.25),无食道静脉曲张组脾脏ARFI弹性和PC分别为2.91(2.35-3.35)m/s和129.5(87.25-196.25)。脾脏ARFI弹性和PC在两组间比较的差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.001 )。单独脾脏ARFI弹性及脾脏ARFI弹性联合PC的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.76和0.83,差异具有统计学意义(P = 0.0021)。结论 脾脏ARFI弹性测值联合PC较单纯脾脏ARFI弹性能更准确的无创预测慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张的存在,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Prevalence of HER2 Expression and Its Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters in Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma in North-East Indian Population

Objective: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (erbb2/HER2) overexpression, has now been implicatedin advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers. The study was conducted to determine the rate of HER2positivity in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma in North-EastIndia and to assess the impact of various demographic and clinical parameters on HER2 positivity. Methods: A total of68 patients of age >18 years of gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma diagnosed on histopathological examinationfrom September 2016 to February 2018 at Dr B Borooah Cancer Institute, Assam were enrolled for the observational(epidemiological) study. All patients were subjected to the HER2 immunohistochemistry test using a FDA-approved,standardized test kit. HER2 expression was correlated with various demographic and clinicopathological parameters.Results: The overall rate of HER2 positivity in the population studied was 56% (n=38). The rate was non-significantlyhigher in male, older age group (>60 years) and Hindu population. Similarly, HER2 positivity rate was higher in patientswith well differentiated histology and was more common in patients with stage II and III diseases, but neither of theassociations is statistically significant. HER2 positivity rate was significantly higher in proximal and in GEJ tumours(56% versus 44%, P=0.002). Conclusion: HER2 overexpression was evident in 56% of the North-East Indian patientswith locally advanced and metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. The overexpression correlatedsignificantly with primary tumour site. Routine testing of gastric and gastroesophageal tumours for HER2 expressionis recommended to provide a therapeutic advantage in Indian patients.     

逐级减压套扎法治疗胃底静脉曲张临床观察

目的比较逐级减压套扎法与硬化剂治疗胃底静脉曲张的疗效差异,以期为临床提供参考。方法选择萍乡市第二人民医院消化内科2018年9月～2019年3月收治的胃底静脉曲张病例80例,随机分为两组,每组各40例,治疗组采取逐级减压套扎治疗。对照组采用传统硬化剂注射法治疗。治疗结束后比较两组患者治疗有效率、并发症发生情况、静脉曲张消除率及再出血率。结果 (1)治疗后,治疗组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)两组间并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。(3)首次治疗后治疗组静脉曲张消除率高于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。全部患者随访3个月,治疗组再出血率低于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论逐级减压套扎法革新手术方式明显提高疗效,减少复发率,减轻患者负担,具有明显的实用性和先进性,值得在医疗机构推广,尤其是在基层医院,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

朱生樑辨治难治性胃食管反流病经验撷英

介绍朱生樑教授辨治难治性胃食管反流病的经验。认为难治性胃食管反流病的辨证难点在于涉及多个脏腑,病程中又易形成内生之邪,相似证候、性质不同的病机常复合存在。提出立足主要矛盾、明辨脏腑自身及相似脏腑病机变化的特点、厘清虚实权重的辨证思路,在脏腑辨证结合气血津液辨证的基础上立法处方。并附验案2则。     

Sex and smoking differences in the association between gastroesophageal reflux and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a high-incidence area: Golestan Cohort Study

Prior studies have conflicting findings regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We examined this relationship in a prospective cohort in a region of high ESCC incidence. Baseline exposure data were collected from 50 045 individuals using in-person interviews at the time of cohort entry. Participants were followed until they developed cancer, died, or were lost to follow up. Participants with GERD symptoms were categorized into any GERD (heartburn or regurgitation), mixed symptoms, or heartburn alone. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between GERD symptom group and histologically confirmed ESCC. The model was adjusted for known risk factors for GERD and ESCC. 49 559 individuals were included in this study, of which 9005 had GERD symptoms. Over 13.0 years of median follow up, 290 individuals were diagnosed with ESCC. We found no association between any GERD and risk of ESCC (aHR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.66-1.24, P = .54). Similar findings were observed for the GERD symptom subtypes. Significant interactions between any GERD and sex (P = .013) as well as tobacco smoking (P = .028) were observed. In post-hoc analyses, GERD was associated with a decreased risk of ESCC in men (aHR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.98 P = .04) and in smokers (aHR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.83 P = .02). While there was little evidence for an overall association between GERD symptoms and ESCC risk, significant interactions with sex and smoking were observed. Men and smokers with GERD symptoms had a lower risk of ESCC development.     

难治性胃食管反流病临证研究

难治性胃食管反流病是临床疑难病,症状反复,缠绵难愈,治疗棘手。中医药治疗“反酸”“吞酸”证历久源远,充分挖掘古籍,深研病机,提炼治法,发挥中医药特色,对治疗本病意义深远。